Little Known Facts about the South During the War of 1861
by Jim Jester
Soldiers of all nationalities and ancestry served in the Confederate Army (Most notable: Native Americans, Africans, and Mexicans). Blacks were not actively recruited until near the end of the war but were used in support roles. They were not necessarily segregated in the Confederate Army as they were in the Northern Army. The last Confederate general to surrender (two months after Appomattox), was Stand Watie, Cherokee commander of the Indian regiments in the West. Alexis de Tocqueville, a Frenchman who visited the U.S., observed that racism was far more prevalent in free states than in slave states.
Lincoln believed in an American apartheid and had a colonization plan. Under pressure from radical abolitionists, the District of Columbia Emancipation Act, 16 April 1862, finally ended slavery in Washington, D.C. In it, the president included a colonization clause calling for the immediate deportation of all Negroes out of the city upon their liberation. Educated blacks were understandably furious. Black teacher and former servant Booker T. Washington summed up the feelings of most African-Americans toward Lincoln’s colonization plan this way: “I was born in the South. I have lived and labored in the South. I wish to be buried in the South.”
Presidents Lincoln and Davis knew that slavery was about to fade away naturally. This proves that the war was not over slavery alone. Lincoln said, “The whole country looked forward to the ultimate extinction of the institution.” And Davis, in a letter to his wife in 1861, “In any case, our slave property will eventually be lost.” Many Northern historians considered Davis a fanatical racist, but he was no more racist than any other American was in the 19th century. While Lincoln was blocking emancipation, black enlistment, black civil rights, and working on his colonization plan to deport all blacks out of the U.S., Davis was busy trying to figure out a way to end Southern slavery, enlist blacks, initiate black civil rights, and incorporate blacks into mainstream society. During the war, the Davis family adopted a black boy and raised him as their own. Davis also appointed a black man as the Confederacy’s first marshal. Lincoln never appointed a black man to any position, and he would have never adopted a black child.